Skip to content
Resource Library

Frozen Russian State Assets — Research Repository

A curated collection of legal analysis, policy research, legislative documents, and advocacy materials on the repurposing of frozen Russian state assets.

152documents
7jurisdictions
7topics

Legal framework

69
pdfWhite paper

White Paper on Amending SEMA to Enable Seizure of Russian State Assets

Yuliya Ziskina et al. · Internal / Razom for Ukraine · ~2023
Canada
Download
pdfAppendix / Legal analysis

Appendix A to the SEMA White Paper

Yuliya Ziskina et al. · Internal / Razom for Ukraine · ~2023
Canada
Download
pdfReport / Proposal

A Proposal to Establish a Peace Bond for Ukraine

Unknown (academic/think tank) · ~2023
Canada
Download
pdfWorking paper

Leading By Example: Canada's Approach to Seizing Frozen Assets

Robert J. Currie, Fen Osler Hampson, Allan Rock · World Refugee & Migration Council / Canadian Task Force Against Global Corruption · Jun 2023
Canada
Download
pdfWorking paper

Leading By Example — World Refugee & Migration Council (public version)

Currie, Hampson, Rock · WRMCC · Jun 2023
Canada
pdfPolicy brief

Keeping Russian State Assets Frozen in Canada

Internal · ~2023–2024
Canada
Download
pdfEU Parliament study

EPRS Study: Legal Options for Confiscation of Russian State Assets (2024)

Philippa Webb · European Parliamentary Research Service · Feb 2024
EU/Belgium
Download
pdfEU Parliament study

EPRS Study: Legal Options for Confiscation of Russian State Assets (2025)

European Parliamentary Research Service · 2025
EU/Belgium
Download
pdfEU Parliament brief

EPRS At-a-Glance Brief on Russian Assets (Mar 2025)

EPRS · Mar 2025
EU/Belgium
pdfDiscussion paper

EE Discussion Paper on Seizing Immobilized Russian Central Bank Assets

Unknown (Eastern European source) · ~2023–2024
EU/Belgium
Download
docxLegal / Regulatory analysis

Belgium Banking and Finance Regulations — Analysis

Internal · ~2023–2024
EU/Belgium
officialLegal ruling

CJEU Ruling on Russian Assets (Aug 2025)

Court of Justice of the EU · Aug 2025
EU/Belgium
articlePolicy brief

EU Sanctions — Legal Nature and Discretion Over Their Duration and Renewal

International Centre for Ukrainian Victory · Apr 2025
EU/Belgium
articleReport

PISM: Prospects for the Use of Frozen Assets of the Central Bank of Russia

Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM) · Jul 2025
EU/Belgium
articlePublished article

Dutch Court Lifts Seizure of Gazprom's Local Assets

Reuters · Jul 2025
EU/Belgium
officialLegal ruling

ECHR Grand Chamber Ruling on Russian Assets (Jul 2025)

European Court of Human Rights · Jul 2025
EU/Belgium
pdfReport

OSJI: Legal Possibilities of Using Russian CBR Assets to Enforce ECHR Judgments — Main Report

Open Society Justice Initiative · May 2025
EU/BelgiumG7/Multilateral
Download
pdfReport (annex)

OSJI: Annex — United Kingdom

Open Society Justice Initiative · May 2025
United Kingdom
Download
pdfReport (annex)

OSJI: Annex — Belgium

Open Society Justice Initiative · May 2025
EU/Belgium
Download
pdfReport (annex)

OSJI: Annex — France

Open Society Justice Initiative · May 2025
EU/Belgium
Download
articleReport

OSJI: Legal Possibilities of Using Russian CBR Assets for ECHR Judgments (online)

Open Society Justice Initiative · Apr 2025
EU/BelgiumUnited Kingdom
docxLegal memo / Draft

France — Confiscation of Sovereign Assets (White & Case Analysis)

White & Case · Apr 2022
EU/Belgium
docxAnalysis

Sandbu — Regulatory Approach to CBR Assets

Martin Sandbu · Financial Times · ~2024
EU/Belgium
pdfTestimony

Helsinki Commission — Written Testimony of Yuliya Ziskina

Yuliya Ziskina · US Helsinki Commission · ~2024
United States
Download
pdfFact sheet

Asset Transfer — US Fact Sheet

Internal · ~2024
United States
Download
docxLegal memo

Russian Sovereign Assets — Definition and History Memo

Internal · Apr 2024
United States
pdfFact sheet

Asset Seizure Fact Sheet — UK

Internal · ~2023–2024
United Kingdom
Download
pdfPolicy brief

Keeping Russian State Assets Frozen in the UK

Internal · ~2023–2024
United Kingdom
Download
pdfBriefing paper

UK Briefing Paper for House of Commons Debate (Jan 2025)

Internal · Jan 2025
United Kingdom
Download
pdfParliamentary research brief

UK Parliament House of Commons Library — CBP-10034

UK Parliament (House of Commons Library) · Nov 2024
United Kingdom
Download
docxBriefing paper

UK REPO Briefing Paper

Internal · ~2024–2025
United Kingdom
pdfDiplomatic note

Note Verbale — UK Foreign Office (Apr 2025)

UK Foreign Office · Apr 2025
United Kingdom
Download
pdfMajor report

The Legal, Practical, and Moral Case for Transferring Russian Sovereign Assets to Ukraine

Laurence H. Tribe, Raymond P. Tolentino, Kate M. Harris, Jackson Erpenbach, Jeremy Lewin · RDI · Sep 2023
G7/Multilateral
Download
pdfExecutive summary

The Legal, Practical, and Moral Case — Executive Summary

RDI · RDI · Sep 2023
G7/Multilateral
Download
pdfWorking paper

Stanford FSI Working Paper #6 — Confiscating Reserves (Oct 2022)

Michael A. McFaul et al. · Stanford FSI · Oct 2022
G7/Multilateral
Download
pdfWorking paper

Stanford FSI Working Paper #15 — Confiscating Reserves (Sep 2023 update)

Stanford FSI · Stanford FSI · Sep 2023
G7/Multilateral
Download
articleWorking paper series

Stanford FSI — Working Group on Sanctions (series page)

McFaul et al. · Stanford FSI · 2022–2023
G7/Multilateral
pdfReport

Multilateral Asset Transfer — A Proposal for Ensuring Reparations for Ukraine

Yuliya M. Ziskina · New Lines Institute · Jun 2023
G7/Multilateral
Download
articleReport

Multilateral Asset Transfer — New Lines Institute (online)

Yuliya M. Ziskina · New Lines Institute · Jun 2023
G7/Multilateral
articleReport

Resolving Accountability Over Russian State Assets — New Understandings of Jurisdiction and Policy Opportunities

Yuliya M. Ziskina, Anton Moiseienko, Jamison Firestone · New Lines Institute · Jan 2025
General
pdfLegal memorandum

IISS Legal Memorandum on Proposed Countermeasures Against Russia (Nov 2023)

Lawyers from UK, Japan, Belgium, Netherlands, USA · IISS · Nov 2023
G7/Multilateral
Download
articleLegal memo

IISS Legal Memo on Countermeasures — Online Version

Nigel Gould-Davies · IISS · May 2024
G7/Multilateral
pdfLegal analysis

Reparations Loan Legal Analysis (Dec 2025)

Unknown · Dec 2025
G7/Multilateral
Download
docxNon-paper / Memo

CBR Assets Non-Paper (G7/Multilateral)

Internal · ~2024–2025
G7/Multilateral
pdfPublished article

Make Russia Pay — Foreign Affairs

Wally Adeyemo · Foreign Affairs · May 2025
G7/Multilateral
Download
pdfPolicy brief

Debunking Arguments Against Seizing Russian State Assets — EPC

Firestone, Nesterchuk, Ziskina · European Policy Centre · Jun 2024
General
Download
articlePolicy brief

Debunking Arguments Against Seizing Russian State Assets — EPC (online)

Firestone, Nesterchuk, Ziskina · EPC · Jun 2024
General
pdfLegal report

CBR Legal Report (Feb 2024) — KSE Institute

Anna Vlasyuk, Nataliia Shapoval, Benjamin Hilgenstock · KSE Institute · Feb 2024
General
Download
pdfLegal report

Anton Moiseienko — Frozen Russian Assets and Reconstruction of Ukraine: Legal Options (Jun 2022)

Anton Moiseienko · SSRN (4149158) · Jun 2022
General
Download
pdfLegal report

Moiseienko — Frozen Russian Assets: Legal Options (WRMC Jul 2022)

Anton Moiseienko · WRMC · Jul 2022
General
pdfLegal paper

Moiseienko — Seizing Foreign Central Bank Assets: A Lawful Response to Aggression? (Apr 2023)

Anton Moiseienko · SSRN (4420459) · Apr 2023
General
Download
pdfLegal paper (draft)

Moiseienko — Sovereign Immunities, Sanctions, and Confiscation (Draft, May 2022)

Anton Moiseienko · SSRN / ResearchGate · May 2022
General
Download

Draft — not for public posting per original author's notes. Request copy via ResearchGate.

articleLegal paper

Sovereign Immunities, Sanctions, and Confiscation — ResearchGate

Anton Moiseienko · ResearchGate · May 2022
General

Request-only access

pdfLegal paper

Ingrid Wuerth Brunk — Central Bank Immunity (SSRN 4363261)

Ingrid (Wuerth) Brunk · SSRN (4363261) · Feb 2023
General
Download
pdfPublished article

Wuerth Brunk — Countermeasures and Confiscation of Russian CBR Assets (Lawfare)

Ingrid (Wuerth) Brunk · Lawfare · May 2023
General
Download
pdfLegal opinion

CAVV (Netherlands) — Confiscation of Foreign State Property (Dec 2024)

CAVV (Advisory Committee on International Law, Netherlands) · Dec 2024
General
Download
articleLegal opinion

CAVV Netherlands Legal Opinion — Online (Dutch + English)

CAVV · CAVV · Dec 2024
General
pdfLegal paper

Confiscation of Russian Sovereign Assets — Perspectives of Adjudication in International Courts

Andreii Mikheiev, Olena Halushka · International Centre for Ukrainian Victory · 2024
General
Download
articleLegal paper

Confiscation of Russian Sovereign Assets — ICUV (online)

Mikheiev, Halushka · ICUV · May 2024
General
pdfPolicy brief

ULN Hague — Debunking Asset Seizure Myths

Ukraine Legal Network / The Hague · ~2023–2024
General
Download
docxLegal memo

Confiscation of Foreign State Property — Legal Analysis

Internal · ~2023–2024
General
pdfPolicy brief

International Law — Russian State Assets Brief

Internal · ~2023–2024
General
Download
pdfFact sheet

Asset Seizure Fact Sheet — General

Internal · ~2023–2024
General
Download
pdfWebinar materials

SUTE / JSH Webinar Materials (May 2024)

SUTE · May 2024
General
Download
articlePublished article

Make Russia Pay — Legal Tribune Online (German)

Dr. Patrick Heinemann · LTO (Legal Tribune Online) · Jan 2024
General

German language

docxLegal / Regulatory analysis

Regulatory Framework for CBR Reserves — Analysis

Internal · ~2023–2024
General

Policy recommendations

73
docxQ&A / Memo

Bill S-278 — Q&A

Internal · 2023–2024
Canada
pdfWorking paper

Leading By Example: Canada's Approach to Seizing Frozen Assets

Robert J. Currie, Fen Osler Hampson, Allan Rock · World Refugee & Migration Council / Canadian Task Force Against Global Corruption · Jun 2023
Canada
Download
pdfWorking paper

Leading By Example — World Refugee & Migration Council (public version)

Currie, Hampson, Rock · WRMCC · Jun 2023
Canada
pdfPolicy brief

Keeping Russian State Assets Frozen in Canada

Internal · ~2023–2024
Canada
Download
pdfPublished article (op-ed)

Opinion: Canada Must Lead on Supporting Ukraine with Russia's Frozen Assets

National Post · ~2024
Canada
Download
articlePublished article

Canada Should Lead in Seizing Russia's Assets to Fund Ukraine's Victory

Aaron Gasch Burnett · Macdonald-Laurier Institute · Feb 2024
Canada
officialOfficial document

Government of Canada — 2024 Federal Budget: Chapter 7 (asset provisions)

Government of Canada · 2024
Canada
docxDraft agreement

Draft Bilateral Agreement on Asset Transfer

Internal · Feb 2025
G7/Multilateral
docxNon-paper / Memo

CBR Assets Non-Paper — Canada

Internal · ~2024–2025
Canada
pdfLetter / Options paper

Von der Leyen Letter to EU Leaders — Options Paper

Ursula von der Leyen · European Commission · Nov 2025
EU/Belgium
Download
pdfEU Parliament brief

EPRS At-a-Glance Brief on Russian Assets (Mar 2025)

EPRS · Mar 2025
EU/Belgium
pdfDiscussion paper

EE Discussion Paper on Seizing Immobilized Russian Central Bank Assets

Unknown (Eastern European source) · ~2023–2024
EU/Belgium
Download
docxMemo

Belgium — Concrete Steps on Asset Transfer

Internal · ~2024–2025
EU/Belgium
docxNon-paper

Belgium Non-Paper on Asset Transfer

Internal · Apr 2025
EU/Belgium
docxBriefing / Talking points

Belgium Non-Paper — Prime Minister Brief

Internal · Apr 2025
EU/Belgium
pdfOpen letter

Open Letter to His Majesty King Philippe of Belgium

Advocacy coalition · ~2024–2025
EU/Belgium
Download
pdfFact sheet

Belgium Government Fact Sheet on Support for Ukraine and Frozen Russian Assets

Belgian Government · ~2024–2025
EU/Belgium
Download
officialOfficial resolution

PACE Resolution 2539 — Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (Jan 2025)

Parliamentary Assembly of Council of Europe · Jan 2025
EU/Belgium
articlePolicy brief

Case for Using the Anti-Coercion Instrument Against Russia

Centre for European Reform · Jun 2025
EU/Belgium
articleReport

PISM: Prospects for the Use of Frozen Assets of the Central Bank of Russia

Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM) · Jul 2025
EU/Belgium
docxRemarks / Talking points

European Parliament Remarks (Prepared)

Yuliya Ziskina · Internal · ~2024–2025
EU/Belgium
docxTalking points

Talking Points — CBR Assets, Europe (Feb 2025)

Internal · Feb 2025
EU/Belgium
pdfTalking points

CBR Assets Talking Points — Europe 2026

Yuliya Ziskina / Razom for Ukraine · Internal · 2026
EU/Belgium
Download
pdfCoalition agreement (official)

Germany CDU/SPD Coalition Agreement — Provisions on Russian Assets (English)

German Government · Apr 2025
EU/Belgium
Download
articlePublished article

EU Moves Closer to Using Russian Assets to Rebuild Ukraine

POLITICO Europe · Aug 2025
EU/Belgium
articlePublished article

Why the EU Wrestles with What to Do with Russia's Frozen Assets

Euractiv · Sep 2025
EU/Belgium
pdfTestimony

Helsinki Commission — Written Testimony of Yuliya Ziskina

Yuliya Ziskina · US Helsinki Commission · ~2024
United States
Download
pdfOne-pager

REPO Act — One-Pager

Internal · ~2024
United States
Download
pdfFact sheet

Asset Transfer — US Fact Sheet

Internal · ~2024
United States
Download
pdfLetter

Bipartisan Congressional Letter to President Biden on REPO Act Implementation

Bipartisan congressional signatories · US Congress · May 2024
United States
Download
pdfLetter

Rep. Hill, Waters, Meeks — Congressional Letter on REPO Implementation

Rep. Hill, Waters, Meeks · US Congress · May 2024
United States
Download
pdfPolicy brief

Make Russia Pay — American Conservative Union Brief

American Conservative Union · ~2023–2024
United States
Download
pdfTestimony / Statement

Statement for the Record — Yellen Hearing

Internal · ~2024
United States
Download
pdfTestimony

Elina Ribakova — Congressional Testimony on Economic Dimensions of Asset Transfer

Elina Ribakova · US Congress hearing · ~2024
United States
Download
pdfLetter

Letter to Treasury on Classified REPO Report (Jan 2025)

Advocacy coalition · Jan 2025
United States
Download
pdfGuidance / Memo

US Interagency Guidance on Russian Sovereign Assets (Mar 2025)

US Government (interagency) · Mar 2025
United States
Download

Confidential — review before publishing

officialPress release

US Senate Foreign Relations Committee — Bipartisan Call for Seizure of Russian Assets

Senators Risch, Whitehouse, Graham, Shaheen · US Senate Foreign Relations Committee · Feb 2025
United States
articlePublished article

Yellen on Russian Central Bank Asset Use — AP News

AP News · Feb 2024
United States
docxMemo / Recommendations

Recommendations to US Treasury

Internal · ~2024–2025
United States
pdfFact sheet

Asset Seizure Fact Sheet — UK

Internal · ~2023–2024
United Kingdom
Download
pdfPolicy brief

Keeping Russian State Assets Frozen in the UK

Internal · ~2023–2024
United Kingdom
Download
pdfBriefing paper

UK Briefing Paper for House of Commons Debate (Jan 2025)

Internal · Jan 2025
United Kingdom
Download
docxBriefing paper

UK REPO Briefing Paper

Internal · ~2024–2025
United Kingdom
pdfDiplomatic note

Note Verbale — UK Foreign Office (Apr 2025)

UK Foreign Office · Apr 2025
United Kingdom
Download
articlePublished article

UK Sends £1.3 Billion Military Aid to Ukraine Using Seized Russian Assets

United24 Media · Sep 2025
United Kingdom
articlePublished article

RUSI — Bankers Must Stand and Fight for Ukraine's Victory

RUSI · ~2024
United KingdomG7/Multilateral
pdfMajor report

The Legal, Practical, and Moral Case for Transferring Russian Sovereign Assets to Ukraine

Laurence H. Tribe, Raymond P. Tolentino, Kate M. Harris, Jackson Erpenbach, Jeremy Lewin · RDI · Sep 2023
G7/Multilateral
Download
pdfExecutive summary

The Legal, Practical, and Moral Case — Executive Summary

RDI · RDI · Sep 2023
G7/Multilateral
Download
pdfWorking paper

Stanford FSI Working Paper #6 — Confiscating Reserves (Oct 2022)

Michael A. McFaul et al. · Stanford FSI · Oct 2022
G7/Multilateral
Download
pdfWorking paper

Stanford FSI Working Paper #15 — Confiscating Reserves (Sep 2023 update)

Stanford FSI · Stanford FSI · Sep 2023
G7/Multilateral
Download
articleWorking paper series

Stanford FSI — Working Group on Sanctions (series page)

McFaul et al. · Stanford FSI · 2022–2023
G7/Multilateral
pdfReport

Multilateral Asset Transfer — A Proposal for Ensuring Reparations for Ukraine

Yuliya M. Ziskina · New Lines Institute · Jun 2023
G7/Multilateral
Download
articleReport

Multilateral Asset Transfer — New Lines Institute (online)

Yuliya M. Ziskina · New Lines Institute · Jun 2023
G7/Multilateral
pdfOfficial communiqué

G7 Stresa Summit — Communiqué (May 2024)

G7 · May 2024
G7/Multilateral
Download
docxNon-paper / Memo

CBR Assets Non-Paper (G7/Multilateral)

Internal · ~2024–2025
G7/Multilateral
docxTalking points / Memo

Key Messages on Confiscation for Davos (WEF 2024)

Internal · ~2024
G7/Multilateral
docxConcept note

Concept Note for Berlin Roundtable

Internal · ~2024–2025
G7/Multilateral
pdfPublished article

Make Russia Pay — Foreign Affairs

Wally Adeyemo · Foreign Affairs · May 2025
G7/Multilateral
Download
pdfPublished article

Funding Ukraine with Seized Russia Assets — How G7 Overcame Fears

Bloomberg · ~2024
G7/Multilateral
Download
docxConcept note

EPC / KSE Frozen Assets Concept Note

European Policy Centre / KSE Institute · ~2024
General
articlePublished article

Gorodnichenko, Becker — Economic Case for Asset Transfer (Project Syndicate)

Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Torbjörn Becker · Project Syndicate · Jan 2024
G7/Multilateral
pdfPolicy brief

ULN Hague — Debunking Asset Seizure Myths

Ukraine Legal Network / The Hague · ~2023–2024
General
Download
officialParliamentary report

Australian Senate Committee — Report on Sanctions: Identifying and Transferring Assets (Feb 2025)

Australian Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade · Feb 2025
General
pdfOne-pager

Make Russia Pay — One-Pager (Feb 2024)

Make Russia Pay coalition · Make Russia Pay / Razom · Feb 2024
General
Download
pdfBrief

Make Russia Pay — Brief #5

Make Russia Pay / Razom · Make Russia Pay / Razom · ~2024
General
Download
pdfWebinar materials

SUTE / JSH Webinar Materials (May 2024)

SUTE · May 2024
General
Download
articlePublished article

Frozen Assets — How to Stop Putin's $300 Billion Bailout

European Resilience · Jul 2025
General
articlePublished article

Make Russia Pay — Legal Tribune Online (German)

Dr. Patrick Heinemann · LTO (Legal Tribune Online) · Jan 2024
General

German language

docxNon-paper

Non-Paper on Transfer of Russian Sovereign Assets

Internal · ~2024–2025
General
docxMemo

Immobilized Assets — Coalition of the Willing Memo

Internal · ~2025
G7/Multilateral
pdfPublished article (op-ed)

It's Time to Seize Russia's Reserves — WSJ Editorial Board

WSJ Editorial Board · Wall Street Journal · ~2024
General
Download

May be paywalled online

articlePublished article (op-ed)

WSJ Opinion: Why Shouldn't Europe Seize Russia's Assets?

Wall Street Journal · Jun 2025
EU/Belgium

May be paywalled

Financial & economic

12
pdfFact sheet

EU Fact Sheet on Ukraine (2024)

European Union · 2024
EU/Belgium
Download
docxAnalysis

Sandbu — Regulatory Approach to CBR Assets

Martin Sandbu · Financial Times · ~2024
EU/Belgium
pdfTestimony / Statement

Statement for the Record — Yellen Hearing

Internal · ~2024
United States
Download
pdfTestimony

Elina Ribakova — Congressional Testimony on Economic Dimensions of Asset Transfer

Elina Ribakova · US Congress hearing · ~2024
United States
Download
articleReport

Implications of the Confiscation of Russian Sovereign Assets — KSE Institute

Hilgenstock, Risinger, Vlasyuk, Ribakova · KSE Institute · Apr 2025
General
pdfReport

Asset Confiscation — Economic and Financial Concerns (KSE Institute)

KSE Institute · ~2024–2025
General
Download
pdfReport

Asset Freeze — Macro History (CEPR / ECB)

Krahnke, Ferrari, Mehl, Vansteenkiste · CEPR / European Central Bank · Mar 2025
General
Download
pdfReport

Asset Freeze Macro History — CEPR (online)

CEPR / ECB · CEPR · Mar 2025
General
articlePublished article

Gorodnichenko, Becker — Economic Case for Asset Transfer (Project Syndicate)

Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Torbjörn Becker · Project Syndicate · Jan 2024
G7/Multilateral
pdfFact sheet

Asset Seizure Fact Sheet — General

Internal · ~2023–2024
General
Download
docxBrief

RU State Assets — Financial Argument Brief

Internal · ~2023–2024
General
articlePublished article

Frozen Assets — How to Stop Putin's $300 Billion Bailout

European Resilience · Jul 2025
General

Jurisdiction-specific

23
pdfWhite paper

White Paper on Amending SEMA to Enable Seizure of Russian State Assets

Yuliya Ziskina et al. · Internal / Razom for Ukraine · ~2023
Canada
Download
pdfAppendix / Legal analysis

Appendix A to the SEMA White Paper

Yuliya Ziskina et al. · Internal / Razom for Ukraine · ~2023
Canada
Download
pdfLegislation

Bill S-278 — Senate Bill to Amend SEMA

Parliament of Canada · 2023–2024
Canada
Download
pdfLegislation

Bill S-278 — Proposed Amendment to SEMA (YB441-278-1)

Parliament of Canada · 2023–2024
Canada
Download
legislationLegislation

Bill S-214 — Reintroduced SEMA Amendment (45th Parliament)

Parliament of Canada · ~2025
Canada
docxQ&A / Memo

Bill S-278 — Q&A

Internal · 2023–2024
Canada
officialOfficial document

Government of Canada — 2024 Federal Budget: Chapter 7 (asset provisions)

Government of Canada · 2024
Canada
docxLegal / Regulatory analysis

Belgium Banking and Finance Regulations — Analysis

Internal · ~2023–2024
EU/Belgium
legislationEU legislation

EU Sanctions Against Russia — Consolidated Framework (Dec 2024)

European Union · Dec 2024
EU/Belgium
officialOfficial timeline

EU Council — Timeline of Sanctions Against Russia

EU Council · Ongoing
EU/Belgium
officialOfficial press release

EU Council — Extension of Economic Restrictive Measures (Jan 2025)

EU Council · Jan 2025
EU/Belgium
officialOfficial FAQ

European Commission — Sanctions FAQs (consolidated)

European Commission · 2024
EU/Belgium
articlePolicy brief

Case for Using the Anti-Coercion Instrument Against Russia

Centre for European Reform · Jun 2025
EU/Belgium
articlePolicy brief

EU Sanctions — Legal Nature and Discretion Over Their Duration and Renewal

International Centre for Ukrainian Victory · Apr 2025
EU/Belgium
articlePublished article

Dutch Court Lifts Seizure of Gazprom's Local Assets

Reuters · Jul 2025
EU/Belgium
docxLegal memo / Draft

France — Confiscation of Sovereign Assets (White & Case Analysis)

White & Case · Apr 2022
EU/Belgium
pdfOne-pager

REPO Act — One-Pager

Internal · ~2024
United States
Download
docxExplainer

About the US REPO Act — Explainer

Internal · ~2024
United States
docxLegislative analysis

HR 8038 REPO Act — Section-by-Section Analysis

Internal · Apr 2024
United States
officialOfficial notice

OFAC Regulatory Action (Jun 27, 2025)

US Treasury / OFAC · Jun 2025
United States
docxLegislative summary

Seizure of Russian State Assets and Support for Ukraine Bill — Highlights

Internal · ~2024–2025
United Kingdom
docxLegislation / Analysis

Estonia — International Sanctions Act (Analysis)

Internal · ~2022–2023
Estonia
officialParliamentary report

Australian Senate Committee — Report on Sanctions: Identifying and Transferring Assets (Feb 2025)

Australian Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade · Feb 2025
General

Alternatives to transfer

20
pdfReport / Proposal

A Proposal to Establish a Peace Bond for Ukraine

Unknown (academic/think tank) · ~2023
Canada
Download
articlePublished article

The Ukraine Liberty Bond: Unlocking Frozen Assets Without Breaking the Rules

Bernard Siman · Egmont Institute · Mar 2025
EU/Belgium
officialLegal ruling

ECHR Grand Chamber Ruling on Russian Assets (Jul 2025)

European Court of Human Rights · Jul 2025
EU/Belgium
pdfReport

OSJI: Legal Possibilities of Using Russian CBR Assets to Enforce ECHR Judgments — Main Report

Open Society Justice Initiative · May 2025
EU/BelgiumG7/Multilateral
Download
pdfReport (annex)

OSJI: Annex — United Kingdom

Open Society Justice Initiative · May 2025
United Kingdom
Download
pdfReport (annex)

OSJI: Annex — Belgium

Open Society Justice Initiative · May 2025
EU/Belgium
Download
pdfReport (annex)

OSJI: Annex — France

Open Society Justice Initiative · May 2025
EU/Belgium
Download
articleReport

OSJI: Legal Possibilities of Using Russian CBR Assets for ECHR Judgments (online)

Open Society Justice Initiative · Apr 2025
EU/BelgiumUnited Kingdom
articlePublished article

Squaring the Circle: How to Use Russia's Frozen Assets for Ukraine

Hugo Dixon, Lee C. Buchheit · Institut Montaigne · Mar 2025
General
pdfProposal / Report

Ukraine Loan Cooperation Mechanism — Proposal

Unknown · ~2024–2025
G7/Multilateral
Download
pdfLegal / Economic paper

Ukrainian Reparation Loan — How It Would Work (SSRN 4733340)

Hugo Dixon, Lee C. Buchheit, Daleep Singh · SSRN · Mar 2024
G7/Multilateral
Download
articleLegal / Economic paper

Ukrainian Reparation Loan — SSRN (online)

Dixon, Buchheit, Singh · SSRN · Mar 2024
G7/Multilateral
pdfLegal analysis

Reparations Loan Legal Analysis (Dec 2025)

Unknown · Dec 2025
G7/Multilateral
Download
articleReport

A Fresh Look at Russian Assets — Hoover Institution Proposal

Philip Zelikow · Hoover Institution · ~2024
General
articlePublished article

Frozen Collateral: Collateralization Instead of Confiscation (Lawfare)

Daniel Franchini, Astrid Iversen · Lawfare · Mar 2024
General
articlePublished article

Unlocking the Use of Russian Central Bank Assets — Is Collateralisation the Answer? (JIBFL)

Tetyana Nesterchuk · JIBFL (Butterworths) · May 2024
General

May be paywalled

articlePublished article

Timothy Ash — Ukraine Victory Bond Proposal (Substack)

Timothy Ash · Substack · Sep 2025
G7/Multilateral
articlePublished article

Reparation Obligations for Ukraine — How It Could Work (Dnistrianskyi Center)

Dnistrianskyi Center · Jan 2024
General
docxProposal / Memo

Compromise on Management of Russian Sovereign Assets

Internal · ~2024–2025
G7/Multilateral

Political context

7
articlePress release

Conservatives Will Provide Seized Russian Assets to Ukraine

Conservative Party of Canada · Apr 2025
Canada
pdfPublished article (op-ed)

Opinion: Canada Must Lead on Supporting Ukraine with Russia's Frozen Assets

National Post · ~2024
Canada
Download
pdfCoalition agreement (official)

Germany CDU/SPD Coalition Agreement — Provisions on Russian Assets (English)

German Government · Apr 2025
EU/Belgium
Download
articlePublished article

Why the EU Wrestles with What to Do with Russia's Frozen Assets

Euractiv · Sep 2025
EU/Belgium
pdfLetter

Bipartisan Congressional Letter to President Biden on REPO Act Implementation

Bipartisan congressional signatories · US Congress · May 2024
United States
Download
pdfLetter

Rep. Hill, Waters, Meeks — Congressional Letter on REPO Implementation

Rep. Hill, Waters, Meeks · US Congress · May 2024
United States
Download
officialPress release

US Senate Foreign Relations Committee — Bipartisan Call for Seizure of Russian Assets

Senators Risch, Whitehouse, Graham, Shaheen · US Senate Foreign Relations Committee · Feb 2025
United States

Asset mechanics

18
docxOne-pager

Canada One-Pager on Euroclear Funds

Internal · ~2024
Canada
docxDraft agreement

Draft Bilateral Agreement on Asset Transfer

Internal · Feb 2025
G7/Multilateral
docxMemo

Belgium — Concrete Steps on Asset Transfer

Internal · ~2024–2025
EU/Belgium
docxNon-paper

Belgium Non-Paper on Asset Transfer

Internal · Apr 2025
EU/Belgium
pdfFact sheet

EU Fact Sheet on Ukraine (2024)

European Union · 2024
EU/Belgium
Download
officialMedia release

Euroclear — Annual Results 2024 (Media Release)

Euroclear · Feb 2025
EU/Belgium
officialMedia release

Euroclear — Q1 2025 Results (Media Release)

Euroclear · May 2025
EU/Belgium
pdfGuidance / Memo

US Interagency Guidance on Russian Sovereign Assets (Mar 2025)

US Government (interagency) · Mar 2025
United States
Download

Confidential — review before publishing

docxLegal memo

Russian Sovereign Assets — Definition and History Memo

Internal · Apr 2024
United States
pdfPublished article

Moscow Has $2 Billion Stuck at JPMorgan. The U.S. Isn't Sure What to Do With It.

Wall Street Journal · ~2024–2025
United States
Download

May be paywalled online

pdfMemo / Report

UK Mechanics on Assets — Memo

Internal · ~2023–2024
United Kingdom
Download
articleReport

Resolving Accountability Over Russian State Assets — New Understandings of Jurisdiction and Policy Opportunities

Yuliya M. Ziskina, Anton Moiseienko, Jamison Firestone · New Lines Institute · Jan 2025
General
articleReport

A Fresh Look at Russian Assets — Hoover Institution Proposal

Philip Zelikow · Hoover Institution · ~2024
General
officialAnnual report

Bank of Russia — Annual Report 2021 (English)

Bank of Russia (CBR) · 2021
General
docxNon-paper

Non-Paper on Transfer of Russian Sovereign Assets

Internal · ~2024–2025
General
docxLegal / Regulatory analysis

Regulatory Framework for CBR Reserves — Analysis

Internal · ~2023–2024
General
docxMemo

Immobilized Assets — Coalition of the Willing Memo

Internal · ~2025
G7/Multilateral
docxProposal / Memo

Compromise on Management of Russian Sovereign Assets

Internal · ~2024–2025
G7/Multilateral